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The Chestnut Ridge people (CRP) are a mixed-race (or tri-racial isolate) community residing just northeast of Philippi, Barbour County in north-central West Virginia, USA. They are often called "Mayles" (from the most common surname — Mayle or Male) or "Guineas" (a pejorative term).〔Price, Edward T., ("A Geographical Analysis of White-Negro-Indian Racial Mixtures in the Eastern United States" ), ''Association of American Geographers Annals'', Vol. 43 (June 1953) pp. 138-55.〕 Some CRP have identified as Melungeon and attended the Melungeon Unions or joined the Melungeon Heritage Association.〔("The Guineas of West Virginia: A Transcript of A Presentation at First Union" ), July 25, 1997, ''Wise Virginia'' by Joanne Johnson Smith & Florence Kennedy Barnett〕 Many CRP identify themselves as Native American, or as an Indian-white mixed group.〔McElwain, Thomas (1981), ''Our Kind of People: Identity, Community, and Religion on Chestnut Ridge, A Study of Native Americans in Appalachia'', (Stockholm Studies in Comparative Religion, No. 20).〕 ==History== The local West Virginia historian Hu Maxwell was bemused by the origin of these people when he studied Barbour County history in the late 1890s:
The local pejorative term "guinea" was still being used more than a century after these words were written. By the 1860s, many individuals of these mixed-race families had married into the white community and their descendants identified as white, serving in West Virginia regiments during the Civil War. Records in the Barbour County Courthouse indicate that several of them petitioned the courts (successfully) to be declared legally white at this time.〔''Petitions of George W. Male and James Male, January Session, 1861; Petitions of Hiram Male, Stephen Newman, Richard Male, Stephen A. Male, Levi Collins, Franklin Male, George W. Collins, Elisha Male, Hezekiah Male and William Male, November Session, 1866''; Barbour County County Circuit Court Records. Cited in: Shaffer, John W. (2003), ''Clash of Loyalties: A Border County in the Civil War'', Morgantown, West Virginia: West Virginia University Press, pp 220-221, n. 81.〕 The people of "The Ridge" have traditionally been subject to severe racial discrimination, amounting to ostracism, by the surrounding majority white community. As recently as the late 1950s, a few Philippi businesses still posted notices proclaiming "White Trade Only" directed at the CRP. Although the local public schools were not segregated at this time, truancy laws — which were strictly enforced for white children — were typically neglected with regard to "Ridge people". 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』 ■ウィキペディアで「Chestnut Ridge people」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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